文章核心观点 - 自然灾害风险和保险成本上升深刻重塑美国住房市场，数万亿房地产面临洪水、火灾或极端风灾的重大风险，购房者需在购房时进行明智决策 [2] 美国房地产面临的气候风险价值 - 美国有重大风灾风险的房屋总价值至少17万亿美元，有重大火灾风险的房屋价值9.1万亿美元，有重大洪水风险的房屋总价值7万亿美元 [2] - 全美有极端洪水风险的房屋价值近2万亿美元，有极端火灾风险的房屋总价值447亿美元 [4] 高风险房地产集中区域 - 11个主要都会区至少有1000亿美元住宅房地产面临重大火灾风险，其中6个在加州，洛杉矶都会区面临重大火灾风险的房屋总价值最高，达8310亿美元 [1][2] - 纽约市都会区面临重大洪水和极端风灾风险的房屋总价值高于其他主要市场，洪水风险方面纽约（5930亿美元）略高于迈阿密（5800亿美元），纽约有重大风灾风险的房屋总价值约3万亿美元，迈阿密和波士顿有风险的房屋价值也超过1万亿美元 [3] 购房者对气候风险的态度 - 超80%购房者在寻找新房时会考虑气候风险，但许多高风险地区仍很受欢迎且房屋价值往往更高，2024年6月挂牌出售的有极端洪水风险房屋的中位挂牌价比低风险房屋高22%，有极端火灾风险房屋的中位挂牌价比低风险房屋高49% [4] Zillow提供的服务 - 购房者在Zillow浏览房源时可探索气候风险数据，搜索地图和待售房源上提供洪水、野火、风、热和空气质量五项关键风险的洞察信息，包括风险评分和交互式地图，帮助买卖双方更好评估影响房屋所有权的长期因素 [5] 各都会区不同气候风险房屋价值详情 | Metro Area* | Total Value of Homes With Major Fire Risk (Billions)** | Total Value of Homes With Major Flood Risk (Billions)** | Total Value of Homes With Major Wind Risk (Billions)** | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | United States | $9,146.9 | $7,042.8 | $17,286.0 | | New York, NY | $68.6 | $593.0 | $3,031.3 | | Los Angeles, CA | $831.4 | $286.6 | N/A | | Chicago, IL | $4.0 | $117.5 | N/A | | Dallas, TX | $230.9 | $60.9 | $755.3 | | Houston, TX | $55.8 | $261.4 | $790.4 | | Washington, DC | $36.7 | $109.0 | $125.2 | | Philadelphia, PA | $19.7 | $80.1 | $781.1 | | Miami, FL | $70.0 | $579.7 | $1,432.8 | | Atlanta, GA | $28.5 | $65.7 | $345.7 | | Boston, MA | N/A | $152.6 | $1,021.7 | | Phoenix, AZ | $336.0 | $49.7 | N/A | | San Francisco, CA | $385.4 | $192.8 | N/A | | Riverside, CA | $551.1 | $73.9 | N/A | | Detroit, MI | $0.1 | $37.1 | N/A | | Seattle, WA | $0.2 | $71.9 | N/A | | Minneapolis, MN | $7.8 | $34.1 | N/A | | San Diego, CA | $266.7 | $50.8 | N/A | | Tampa, FL | $63.1 | $171.7 | $492.0 | | Denver, CO | $249.6 | $26.3 | N/A | | Baltimore, MD | $1.7 | $37.4 | $247.0 | | St. Louis, MO | $3.1 | $21.7 | N/A | | Orlando, FL | $75.3 | $13.9 | $379.7 | | Charlotte, NC | $2.0 | $29.7 | $300.2 | | San Antonio, TX | $71.7 | $25.4 | $263.8 | | Portland, OR | $31.9 | $24.9 | N/A | | Sacramento, CA | $232.6 | $95.0 | N/A | | Pittsburgh, PA | N/A | $21.5 | N/A | | Cincinnati, OH | $0.1 | $17.6 | N/A | | Austin, TX | $77.7 | $30.2 | $394.5 | | Las Vegas, NV | $114.3 | $6.8 | N/A | | Kansas City, MO | $11.2 | $16.6 | N/A | | Columbus, OH | $0.2 | $14.1 | N/A | | Indianapolis, IN | N/A | $14.8 | N/A | | Cleveland, OH | N/A | $10.0 | N/A | | San Jose, CA | $198.0 | $139.4 | N/A | | Nashville, TN | $9.1 | $38.9 | N/A | | Virginia Beach, VA | $7.7 | $60.9 | $236.2 | | Providence, RI | N/A | $21.3 | $257.5 | | Jacksonville, FL | $107.7 | $72.9 | $254.3 | | Milwaukee, WI | N/A | $12.2 | N/A | | Oklahoma City, OK | $35.6 | $5.0 | N/A | | Raleigh, NC | $0.4 | $16.7 | $240.9 | | Memphis, TN | $6.1 | $6.1 | $2.9 | | Richmond, VA | $4.9 | $11.6 | $177.8 | | Louisville, KY | $2.5 | $13.5 | N/A | | New Orleans, LA | $10.1 | $104.9 | $127.6 | | Salt Lake City, UT | $92.4 | $27.0 | N/A | | Hartford, CT | N/A | $15.9 | $148.2 | | Buffalo, NY | N/A | $10.8 | N/A | | Birmingham, AL | $25.1 | $12.4 | $111.2 | [6][7] 关于Zillow集团 - Zillow集团是美国访问量最大的房地产网站，通过数字解决方案、合作伙伴和代理商等帮助人们找到并获得理想家园，旗下拥有Zillow、Zillow Premier Agent等多个品牌 [8][9]