"There was an impression that the only way to compete in AI would be to raise hundreds of millions of dollars to pre-train these web-scale models that could solve every problem underneath the sun, and that was the only game in town for AI," said Shiv Rao, founder and CEO of the healthcare AI startup Abridge. "Very quickly, people figured out that actually, value moves up the stack." Megacaps like Microsoft poured billions into the first stage of the AI arms race, focusing on the infrastructure and model lay ...