A Time Scaling Theory for Multi-Layer Electronic Systems functioned as both an empirical observation and helped establish an industry compact upon which the entire computing stack was built. That industry compact no longer holds. Beyond the 7 nm node, geometric scaling no longer delivers its historical dividends. Lithography tooling is approaching the physical limits of patterning, EUV depreciation dominates wafer cost, and the per-transistor price curve has flattened — and in some cases reversed. For organ ...