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五粮液(000858):业绩高质兑现,关注营销改革破局成效

报告公司投资评级 - 维持“买入”评级 [5] 报告的核心观点 - 2024年公司实现营收891.8亿元,同比+7.1%;归母净利318.5亿元,同比+5.4%;2025Q1实现营收369.4亿元,同比+6.1%;归母净利148.6亿元,同比+5.8%,业绩略超市场预期 [2] - 考虑到白酒商务需求修复节奏较弱,下调2026年归母净利7%,预计2024 - 2026年收入分别+5%/+5%/+7%,归母净利分别+5%/+6%/+8%,EPS分别为8.64/9.18/9.89元,公司股票现价对应PE估值分别为15/14/13倍 [5] 业绩简评 - 2024年公司实现营收891.8亿元,同比+7.1%;归母净利318.5亿元,同比+5.4% [2] - 2025Q1实现营收369.4亿元,同比+6.1%;归母净利148.6亿元,同比+5.8%,业绩略超市场预期 [2] 经营分析 产品结构层面 - 2024年主品牌&浓香酒结构持续优化,宴席主品牌增长30%、浓香酒增长52% [3] - 2024年五粮液/其他酒分别实现营收678.8/152.5亿元,同比分别+8.1%/+11.8%,其中销量分别+7.1%/+0.1%,吨价分别+0.9%/+11.7%至164/13万元/吨;毛利率分别+0.4pct/+0.6pct [3] 渠道及区域结构 - 2024年经销/直销收入分别为487.4/343.9亿元,同比+6.0%/+1.9%;全年五粮液经销商增加82家至2652家,浓香酒经销商增加245家至1059家,专卖店增加124家至1786家,新增核心终端1.6万家 [3] - 公司将原27个大区整合为三大片区,形成“总部 - 区域中心 - 终端”的垂直管控体系;2024年东部/南部/北部片区分别实现营收312.9/393.4/125.0亿元,同比分别+9.8%/+12.7%/-4.0% [3] 报表结构 - 2024年归母净利率同比-0.6pct至35.7%,其中毛利率+1.3pct,销售费用率+2.6pct(促销费、形象宣传费分别+49%、+26%) [4] - 2025Q1归母净利率同比-0.1pct至40.2%,其中毛利率-0.7pct,销售费用率-1.0pct,营业税金及附加占比+0.7pct [4] - 2025Q1末合同负债余额101.7亿元,环比-15.2亿元,考虑△合同负债后2025Q1营收同比+7.3%;2025Q1销售收现382亿元,同比+76%;2025Q1末应收款项融资余额193亿元,同比-88亿元,回款质量提升 [4] - 公司2025年目标为巩固和增强稳健发展态势,推动品牌价值和市场份额双提升,营业总收入与宏观经济指标保持一致;2025年初以来公司营销体系改革核心是扁平化+市场价格指引,目的是提升内部沟通效率、加大渠道量价议价力 [4] 盈利预测、估值与评级 - 考虑到白酒商务需求修复节奏较弱,下调2026年归母净利7% [5] - 预计2024 - 2026年收入分别+5%/+5%/+7%,归母净利分别+5%/+6%/+8%,EPS分别为8.64/9.18/9.89元,公司股票现价对应PE估值分别为15/14/13倍,维持“买入”评级 [5] 公司基本情况 | 项目 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025E | 2026E | 2027E | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 营业收入(百万元) | 83,272 | 89,175 | 93,627 | 98,359 | 104,830 | | 营业收入增长率 | 12.6% | 7.1% | 5.0% | 5.1% | 6.6% | | 归母净利润(百万元) | 30,211 | 31,853 | 33,550 | 35,621 | 38,401 | | 归母净利润增长率 | 13.2% | 5.4% | 5.3% | 6.2% | 7.8% | | 摊薄每股收益(元) | 7.783 | 8.206 | 8.643 | 9.177 | 9.893 | | 每股经营性现金流净额 | 10.75 | 8.74 | 8.80 | 9.62 | 10.48 | | ROE(归属母公司)(摊薄) | 23.32% | 23.90% | 23.40% | 23.12% | 23.19% | | P/E | 18.03 | 17.07 | 14.93 | 14.06 | 13.04 | | P/B | 4.20 | 4.08 | 3.49 | 3.25 | 3.03 | [10] 三张报表预测摘要 损益表 | 项目 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025E | 2026E | 2027E | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 主营业务收入 | 73,969 | 83,272 | 89,175 | 93,627 | 98,359 | 104,830 | | 增长率 | | 12.6% | 7.1% | 5.0% | 5.1% | 6.6% | | 主营业务成本 | -18,178 | -20,157 | -20,461 | -21,052 | -21,803 | -23,068 | | %销售收入 | 24.6% | 24.2% | 22.9% | 22.5% | 22.2% | 22.0% | | 毛利 | 55,790 | 63,115 | 68,714 | 72,575 | 76,555 | 81,762 | | %销售收入 | 75.4% | 75.8% | 77.1% | 77.5% | 77.8% | 78.0% | | 营业税金及附加 | -10,749 | -12,532 | -13,041 | -13,857 | -14,459 | -15,410 | | %销售收入 | 14.5% | 15.0% | 14.6% | 14.8% | 14.7% | 14.7% | | 销售费用 | -6,844 | -7,796 | -10,692 | -11,610 | -12,196 | -12,789 | | %销售收入 | 9.3% | 9.4% | 12.0% | 12.4% | 12.4% | 12.2% | | 管理费用 | -3,068 | -3,319 | -3,555 | -3,745 | -3,934 | -4,088 | | %销售收入 | 4.1% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 3.9% | | 研发费用 | -236 | -322 | -405 | -425 | -447 | -476 | | %销售收入 | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.5% | | 息税前利润(EBIT) | 34,893 | 39,146 | 41,020 | 42,938 | 45,519 | 48,998 | | %销售收入 | 47.2% | 47.0% | 46.0% | 45.9% | 46.3% | 46.7% | | 财务费用 | 2,026 | 2,473 | 2,834 | 3,271 | 3,521 | 3,819 | | %销售收入 | -2.7% | -3.0% | -3.2% | -3.5% | -3.6% | -3.6% | | 资产减值损失 | -28 | -5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 公允价值变动收益 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 投资收益 | 93 | 58 | 75 | 98 | 117 | 141 | | %税前利润 | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | | 营业利润 | 37,174 | 42,004 | 44,200 | 46,523 | 49,373 | 53,172 | | 营业利润率 | 50.3% | 50.4% | 49.6% | 49.7% | 50.2% | 50.7% | | 营业外收支 | -71 | -91 | -37 | -30 | -33 | -36 | | 税前利润 | 37,104 | 41,913 | 44,163 | 46,493 | 49,340 | 53,136 | | 利润率 | 50.2% | 50.3% | 49.5% | 49.7% | 50.2% | 50.7% | | 所得税 | -9,133 | -10,392 | -10,970 | -11,549 | -12,256 | -13,199 | | 所得税率 | 24.6% | 24.8% | 24.8% | 24.8% | 24.8% | 24.8% | | 净利润 | 27,971 | 31,521 | 33,193 | 34,944 | 37,084 | 39,937 | | 少数股东损益 | 1,280 | 1,310 | 1,340 | 1,394 | 1,464 | 1,537 | | 归属于母公司的净利润 | 26,691 | 30,211 | 31,853 | 33,550 | 35,621 | 38,401 | | 净利率 | 36.1% | 36.3% | 35.7% | 35.8% | 36.2% | 36.6% | [12] 资产负债表 | 项目 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025E | 2026E | 2027E | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 货币资金 | 92,358 | 115,456 | 127,399 | 136,170 | 147,364 | 159,884 | | 应收款项 | 29,091 | 14,169 | 19,661 | 18,854 | 19,806 | 21,110 | | 存货 | 15,981 | 17,388 | 18,234 | 19,033 | 20,071 | 21,046 | | 其他流动资产 | 136 | 169 | 489 | 189 | 196 | 208 | | 流动资产 | 137,566 | 147,182 | 165,783 | 174,247 | 187,438 | 202,246 | | %总资产 | 90.1% | 89.0% | 88.1% | 88.0% | 88.2% | 88.5% | | 长期投资 | 1,988 | 2,022 | 2,083 | 2,083 | 2,083 | 2,083 | | 固定资产 | 9,086 | 10,813 | 13,060 | 13,276 | 13,485 | 13,683 | | %总资产 | 5.9% | 6.5% | 6.9% | 6.7% | 6.3% | 6.0% | | 无形资产 | 679 | 2,222 | 2,815 | 2,852 | 2,888 | 2,923 | | 非流动资产 | 15,149 | 18,251 | 22,469 | 23,839 | 25,021 | 26,387 | | %总资产 | 9.9% | 11.0% | 11.9% | 12.0% | 11.8% | 11.5% | | 资产总计 | 152,715 | 165,433 | 188,252 | 198,086 | 212,459 | 228,634 | | 短期借款 | 376 | 15 | 409 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 应付款项 | 12,766 | 14,982 | 26,000 | 22,751 | 23,346 | 24,320 | | 其他流动负债 | 22,617 | 17,686 | 24,618 | 26,689 | 28,264 | 30,351 | | 流动负债 | 35,759 | 32,683 | 51,027 | 49,440 | 51,610 | 54,671 | | 长期贷款 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 其他长期负债 | 271 | 400 | 831 | 792 | 845 | 902 | | 负债 | 36,031 | 33,084 | 51,857 | 50,