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欧洲银行业的估值修复之路
平安证券· 2026-08-19 17:51
报告行业投资评级 - 强于大市(维持)[1] 报告的核心观点 - 2022年9月以来,欧洲银行业进入估值修复通道,欧洲斯托克600银行指数累计上涨约235%,相对欧洲大盘取得约161个百分点超额收益,静态PB估值从0.5x提升至1.4x[10] - 本轮上涨主要源自顺周期逻辑演绎,在利率上行及欧洲经济韧性支撑下,银行盈利上行推动估值修复[14] - 欧洲银行ROE从2022年中约7.9%升至2026年1季度的约10.5%,净息差从22年Q3的1.3%上行至26Q1的1.61%左右[14] - 展望未来,欧洲银行板块基本面支撑尚未逆转,预计行情将更多转向盈利兑现,个股表现取决于ROE可持续性、非息收入韧性、成本效率和分红回购能力[39] 一、行情回溯:欧洲银行业进入估值修复通道 - 欧洲斯托克600银行指数自2022年9月初约123点升至2026年7月中旬约411点,累计上涨约235%,相对欧洲大盘取得约161个百分点超额收益[10] - 静态PB估值从22年9月的0.5x提升至26年7月的1.4x,自25年2月以来重回1倍PB上方[10] - 主流银行股价表现均显著跑赢本国大盘,桑坦德银行、德意志银行、巴克莱银行、瑞银集团、汇丰控股、法国巴黎银行股价分别累计上涨约403%、287%、222%、193%、186%、123%[12] - 六家银行PB均显著修复,桑坦德银行静态PB从0.45x提升至1.61x,瑞银集团和汇丰控股PB分别达到1.82x和1.78x[12] 二、行情复盘:顺周期逻辑演绎,经济韧性与基本面共振 2.1 宏观经济:欧央行加息,经济显韧性 - 欧洲央行自2022年7月退出零利率,9月开启大幅加息,2022年8月-2023年10月期间基准利率抬升400BP至4.5%[14][15] - 2023年9月后欧央行停止加息,2024年6月首次降息,基准利率降至2025年6月的2.15%,2026年6月小幅加息25BP至2.4%[16] - 欧洲AAA级债券10年期收益率截至2026年7月上升至3.2%左右,长端利率维持高位,收益率曲线较为陡峭[16] - 加息期间欧盟经济体现较强韧性,22年Q3欧元区名义GDP同比增速为8.4%,2022年欧元区实际GDP维持3.6%左右经济增速[14][18] - 截至26年2月,欧洲PMI为50.6%,回归荣枯线之上[18] - 2026年5月欧元区失业率约6.0%,维持历史低位水平,英国失业率位于5%左右[20] - 欧洲工业生产指数较2010-2020年有明显回升,出口金额逐步上行回暖[20] 2.2 银行基本面:息差上行推升ROE,资产质量稳健 - 欧洲银行ROE由2022年中约7.9%升至2023年中约11%,此后维持在约10.5%的较高水平[23] - 净息差由22Q2的1.28%升至26Q1的1.61%,受长端利率维持高位支撑,息差未在降息后同步回落[23] - 截至26年1季度欧洲银行资产同比增速为3.7%,存贷款分别同比增长1.4%、1.9%[25] - 26Q1净利息收入占比约58%,手续费收入占比接近29%,净利息收入是最大正贡献项(26Q1贡献约20%)[27] - 截至26年1季度末,欧洲银行不良贷款率降至约1.82%,风险成本约56个基点,均较2020年明显回落[29] - 加息至2023年9月,ECB测算139家欧元区银行贷款+债券组合未实现浮亏平均达加息前股权的30%,但未出现挤兑风险[29] - 人员及其他管理费用负贡献逐步缩减,25年来人员费用管控增强,信用减值对ROE拖累明显低于疫情期间[32] 2.3 个体表现分化,业绩提升与行情涨跌共振 - 2021年至2025年,桑坦德银行ROE由约9.6%升至14%,为六家样本行中最高,对应最大涨幅[34] - 汇丰控股、德意志银行和法国巴黎银行ROE分别由约7.1%、3.9%、8.2%升至11.6%、8.2%、9.6%[34] - 2026年1季度,瑞银集团、汇丰控股资产同比增速较高,分别约9.3%和8.2%,桑坦德银行资产增速仅约0.6%[35] - 2025年德意志银行和瑞银集团净利润同比分别增长约52.1%和51.5%,增长来源不同:瑞银主要受益非利息业务,德意志银行主要受益净利息收入改善[37] - 2025年桑坦德银行和德意志银行利息收入占比分别约70%和63%,汇丰控股和巴克莱银行分别约54%和50%,法国巴黎银行和瑞银集团仅约37%和22%[37] 三、展望未来:宏观经济韧性仍存,寻找个股上行机会 3.1 宏观环境韧性依旧,预计银行盈利中枢仍有支撑 - 2026年一季度欧元区名义GDP同比增长3.6%,实际GDP同比增长0.8%[40] - 根据IMF预测,预计2026年欧洲实际GDP增速为0.9%,2027年进一步修复至1.2%[40] - 截至26年2月欧洲PMI为50.6%,重新回归荣枯线以上[40] - 26年6月欧央行重新开启加息,基准利率上调25BP至2.4%[42] - 欧元AAA债券利率仍处高位,长端利率相较于短端利率仍存溢价,收益率曲线斜率仍存[42] 3.2 板块重估红利趋弱,寻找个股上行机会 - 欧洲斯托克600银行指数PB从2022年9月的0.5x上行至2026年7月的1.4x,板块PB估值位于2014年以来99%左右水平[44] - 瑞银集团、汇丰控股、桑坦德银行PB均已超过1.5x[44] - 预计后续上涨主要与经济改善与银行业绩表现相关,个股走势将有分化[44] 3.3 我国仍处低利率阶段,银行板块红利属性仍存 - 我国银行板块超额收益存在二象性,经济上行及低利率时期均有行情出现可能[39][46] - 2016-2018年经济上行驱动的行情中,板块最高估值银行从1.3倍PB提升至2.1倍,中位数估值从0.9倍提升至1.1倍[48] - 2022-2025年低利率环境下的行情中,行业最高估值保持在1.1倍,中位数PB估值抬升50%至0.6倍[48] - 目前结合信贷数据有效需求不足情况依然存在,实体修复斜率有待观察,板块主要体现为低利率环境下的股息配置价值[49]
Indonesia Market Strategy: 2027 Budget Special: First Impressions-20260819
瑞银· 2026-08-19 11:58
ab 17 August 2026 Global Research Indonesia Market Strategy 2027 Budget Special: First Impressions Modest consolidation, continued spending The 2027 budget proposal was broadly in line with expectations, with few major surprises and little change in direction from the 2026 budget. The deficit is targeted at 2.40% of GDP, implying 0.45ppt of consolidation relative to the 2026 deficit of 2.85% of GDP. Total expenditure is budgeted at Rp4,097tn, up 3.9% y/y, while revenue is projected to grow 6.8% y/y, in line ...
Global Strategy: CTAs‘ Positioning and Flows - Biweekly Update-20260819
瑞银· 2026-08-19 11:50
ab 17 August 2026 Global Research Global Strategy CTAs' Positioning and Flows - Biweekly Update Details on the methodology/model can be found in our Q-Series report Strong Q2 earnings and resilient carry are music to CTAs' ears • Equities: Strong Q2 earnings have reignited equity momentum, offsetting negative base effects and keeping overall CTAs' positioning broadly stable. Looking ahead, a modest selling bias is likely to persist through August, leaving the market vulnerable to further CTAs-driven selling ...
EM FI/FX Strategy: Latam: Four things to watch in the coming week-20260819
瑞银· 2026-08-19 11:50
ab 17 August 2026 Global Research EM FI/FX Strategy Latam: Four things to watch in the coming week Despite record copper prices, Chile is expected to report only 0.1% y/y GDP growth in 2Q26 and a 2Q current account deficit of roughly USD 1bn, highlighting the weak transmission from favorable external conditions to the broader economy. While temporary factors have weighed on activity this year, sluggish domestic demand, weak labor markets and a subdued investment backdrop continue to constrain growth. With c ...
Fast Take Mexico Strategy: None-20260819
瑞银· 2026-08-19 11:49
ab 17 August 2026 Fast Take Mexico Strategy Headline Foreign Net Flows to Mexican Equities at -US$389mn in July vs -US$764mn in June Our Take Net flows remained soft in July, coinciding with the holiday season in the U.S. and Europe. YTD, however, flows remain close to zero, reflecting low investor conviction, as also highlighted in our latest Crowding Heat Map. Global Research Equities Latin America Rodrigo Alcantara Analyst rodrigo.alcantara@ubs.com +55-11-2767 6324 Rafael De La Fuente Economist rafael.de ...
APAC Economic Comment: ASEAN Weekly: Two growth beats, two budgets-20260819
瑞银· 2026-08-19 10:51
At a high level, the latest data tell a similar story in Singapore and Malaysia: growth continues to surprise on the upside. Malaysia's revised Q2 GDP growth was raised to 6.0% y/y (from 5.8% in the advance estimate), while Singapore's economy expanded 5.9% y/y in Q2 (from 5.7% in the advance estimate). The stronger-than-expected outturn prompted both governments to raise their growth forecasts. Malaysia now expects growth to come in close to 5%, while MAS/MTI upgraded Singapore's 2026 GDP growth forecast t ...
New Zealand Economic Comment: Inflation & inflation expectations still high; even on modest spending & home price outlook-20260819
瑞银· 2026-08-19 10:50
ab 17 August 2026 Powered by YES UBS Evidence Lab Global Research New Zealand Economic Comment Inflation & inflation expectations still high; even on modest spending & home price outlook Selected prices slow to 3.9% y/y in July (from 5.2%), as fuel eases UBS aggregation of the Selected Prices Index for Jul-26 fell -0.1% m/m (after 0.3% m/m; non-seasonally adjusted), & the y/y eased to 3.9% (after 5.2%). The monthly data is overweight on volatile items, and recent price movements for energy and transport hav ...
EMEA Economic Perspectives: Saudi and UAE projects tracker: July2026-20260819
瑞银· 2026-08-19 10:08
Global Research EMEA Economic Perspectives Saudi and UAE projects tracker: July 2026 Saudi Arabia July saw a sharp slowdown in new project awards, falling to $1.8bn from $12.2bn in June, though this was followed by a rebound in early August, with over $5bn awarded. Total project awards reached $47.4bn by end-July, c.27% below the level recorded over the same period in 2025 despite a strong recovery in project awards during Q2. Most project awards in 2026 ytd were concentrated in construction ($20.3bn), foll ...
Best Buy: UBS says Q2 print will test durability of stock's recent momentum
Proactiveinvestors NA· 2026-08-19 02:49
公司背景 - 编辑Angela Harmantas拥有超过15年北美股票市场报道经验,尤其关注初级资源股,曾为加拿大、美国、澳大利亚、巴西、加纳和南非等国的领先行业出版物进行报道[1] - 该编辑此前在投资者关系领域工作,并曾为瑞典政府领导加拿大外商直接投资计划[1] - 公司内容由经验丰富的新闻记者团队独立制作,团队分布在伦敦、纽约、多伦多、温哥华、悉尼和珀斯等全球主要金融和投资中心[2] - 公司专注于中小市值市场,同时也覆盖蓝筹公司、大宗商品及更广泛的投资故事[3] - 报道领域包括生物科技与制药、矿业与自然资源、电池金属、石油与天然气、加密货币与新兴数字技术以及电动汽车技术[3] 技术与内容生产 - 公司采用前瞻性技术,人类内容创作者拥有数十年专业经验,并借助技术辅助和优化工作流程[4] - 公司偶尔使用自动化及软件工具(包括生成式AI),但所有发布内容均由人类编辑和撰写,符合内容生产和搜索引擎优化的最佳实践[5]