Public Disclosure Authorize ARME Primary Healthcare Assessment Report OCTOBER 2024 il LANDHIA Public Disclosure Authoriz Disclosure Aut QUP © 2024 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved. This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The Worl ...

报告概述 - 报告编号为194676 [1] - 报告标题为《Preventing A Lost Generation: Understanding The State of Out of School Children in Myanmar》 [1] - 发布时间为2024年11月 [1] 执行摘要 - 缅甸在COVID-19疫情前的十年中显著提升了各级教育普及率 [14] - 疫情和2021年2月的军事接管导致教育部门严重中断 [14] - 世界银行预计缅甸经济在2024年3月仅增长1% [14] - 报告全面评估了缅甸失学儿童（OOSC）的现状 [15] - OOSC比例从2023年的28%下降到2024年的21%，但仍高于2017年的18% [16] - 农村地区的OOSC比例高于城市地区 [16] - 5岁儿童的失学率超过三分之一（37%），15-17岁青少年的失学率高达45% [17] - 不同州和地区的OOSC比例差异显著，Sagaing地区在各教育阶段的失学率最高 [18] - 冲突强度是影响OOSC比例的关键因素 [18] - 年龄、语言、社会经济地位和地理位置是影响失学状态的主要因素 [20] - 贫困是导致辍学的主要原因，占2019年前辍学原因的60% [21] - 2021年至2023年间，安全担忧和学习过程脱离成为辍学的主要原因 [21] - OOSC中有相当比例参与劳动力市场，61%的OOSC有工作，而学校在读同龄人中只有9% [22] - 性别和地理位置是影响就业参与的关键因素 [22] - 91%的受访者认为加强儿童安全措施可以提高18岁以下儿童的入学率 [23] - 85%的受访者认为向特定家庭提供经济补贴可以提高小学和中学适龄儿童的入学率 [23] - 80%的受访者认为提高教师工资可以改善教师出勤率 [23] 数据和方法 - 数据来源包括2024年的缅甸地方电话调查（MSPS 2024）和2017年的缅甸生活条件调查（MLCS 2017） [42] - 分析方法包括描述性统计和回归分析 [46] OOSC的总体状况和趋势 - OOSC比例从2017年的18%上升到2023年的28%，2024年下降到21% [48] - 农村地区的OOSC比例高于城市地区 [53] - 不同年龄组的OOSC比例差异显著，5岁儿童的失学率为37%，15-17岁青少年的失学率为45% [63] - 不同州和地区的OOSC比例差异显著，Sagaing地区在各教育阶段的失学率最高 [128] - 冲突强度是影响OOSC比例的关键因素 [135] - 家庭距离学校的远近与失学率呈负相关 [139] - 家庭距离医疗设施的远近与失学率呈负相关 [141] - 居民大规模外流地区的失学率较高 [146] OOSC的基本特征和失学状态的决定因素 - OOSC中59%为高中年龄段，47%来自最贫困的两个五分位数 [149] - 性别、年龄、语言、社会经济地位和地理位置是影响失学状态的主要因素 [158] - 贫困是导致辍学的主要原因，占2019年前辍学原因的60% [166] - 2021年至2023年间，安全担忧和学习过程脱离成为辍学的主要原因 [168] - OOSC中有相当比例参与劳动力市场，61%的OOSC有工作，而学校在读同龄人中只有9% [189] - 性别和地理位置是影响就业参与的关键因素 [197] - 不同州和地区的就业率差异显著，Chin州的OOSC就业率接近100% [210] 改善教育普及的潜力和愿望 - 91%的受访者认为加强儿童安全措施可以提高18岁以下儿童的入学率 [222] - 85%的受访者认为向特定家庭提供经济补贴可以提高小学和中学适龄儿童的入学率 [222] - 80%的受访者认为提高教师工资可以改善教师出勤率 [222] - 在线教育的普及率较低，只有4%的6-17岁儿童使用在线教育 [225] - 数字素养存在显著差异，80%的儿童无法使用电脑或笔记本电脑 [226]

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